What is Road ?
In our routine life a road is a key player , whether we are kid , student , adult , mature or senior citizen . Because , At every stage we have to use road whether we go to play football , going to school , visiting office or going for a morning walk . So , A Road is a mean of transport by use of which we travel from one location to another , which is our destination . Road Plays an important Role in the economy of every country . Quality of Roads in Any country signifies its own power .Road is way followed by us to travel from our initial location to the final No matter whether road is straight , circular , elliptical , parabolic or in any shape , Road is Road .
Types of Road
In the next sections we will go through all the types of roads according to different Parameters :
1. According to Shape
- Straight
- Circular
- Parabolic
- Cyclic
- Non Cyclic
- Any Curve
2. According to Location
- Horizontal Roads (Zero Slope)
- Hilly Roads (Having Slope)
- Coastal Roads
- Tunnel Roads
3. According to Material
- Bituminous Roads
- Concrete Roads
- Mud Roads
- Brick Masonry Roads
- Stone Fabricated Roads
4. According to Class
- Expressways and Highways
- National and State Highway
- District Roads
- Village Roads
5. According to Sub Class
- 4 Lane
- 3 Lane
- Double Lane
- Single Lane
6. According to Pavement
- Flexible Pavement
- Rigid Pavement
Construction of Roads
This Topic Further Consists of Sub Parts which are as Follows :
Construction of Bitumen Roads
Most of the Roads on the Planet Earth is made up of Bitumen , Because It is Waste Product of Crude Oil , It is able to Recycle it , Easy Procedure , A Bitumen Road can be Constructed in Less Cost as well as time , It is easy to Repair. So, Let us Talk about the Procedure of Constructing a Bituminous Road. A Bitumen Road Consist of 4 Layers Over the WBM and that is :
- Prime Coat
- Track Coat
- Seal Coat
- Surface Dressing
In the Prime Coat a Spray of a Bituminous Material is done Over the WBM , then Over the Prime Coat a Layer of Asphalt is Layered to Complete the Track Coat and then to Fix or Seal the Track Coat an Fine Bituminous Spray is done to Complete Seal Coat and Surface Dressing is the Last Step . We all Know that bitumen is a sticky Material and It Takes some time for drying So that is why Surface Dressing is done with the help of sand or Fly ash or Bottom Ash .
Construction of Concrete Roads
WBM is the Common Term in both Concrete and Bitumen Roads , because both Bitumen as well as Concrete Pavements are made over Water Bond Macadam . Concrete Road is of Two Types :
- Plain Concrete Roads
- Reinforced Concrete Roads
In the Places where Low Traffic is their and the road is not too much used , we make Plain Concrete Roads there But In the Places where Heavy loadings are acting such as at Airport on Runway , We make Reinforced Concrete Roads there . In the Procedure of Constructing a Concrete Road , First of All WBM is Prepared Well and then Top Layer of WBM is Levelled and then the Following Steps are Followed :
- Pouring of Concrete
- Compacting of Concrete
- Finishing of Concrete
- Curing of Concrete
At Certain Distances Dowell Bars are Provided in Concrete Pavements to Transfer Loads efficiently and Also to Allow Easy Contraction in Slabs due to Temperature Change.
Construction of WBM Roads
Talking about the History then Water Bond Macadam Roads were developed by John Loudon Macadam and are Primary Roads . The Construction of Bitumen and Concrete Roads is not Possible without WBM Roads . These Roads are made up of Gravels , Coarse Aggregates and Fine Sand with Water .The WBM Road Consist of Following Layers :
- Subgrade Layer
- Intermediate Course
- Wearing Course
First of All the Levelling of the Bottom Surface is done and according to that Cutting and Filling is Done and then a layer of Gravels is layered and then by Hand Picking the Voids between Gravels are filled by Coarse and Fine aggregates and then Procedure of Compaction is Followed with the use Roller of Capacity 10 Ton or Any other with Addition of Water and Soil . The Process is Repeated Until a Desired Thickness of WBM Pavement is Reached .
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